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高考英語考點動詞時態和語態分析

時間:2022-10-26 22:08:08 考試英語 我要投稿
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高考英語考點動詞時態和語態分析

  下面是小編分享的高考英語考點動詞時態和語態分析,一起來看看吧。

高考英語考點動詞時態和語態分析

  動詞的時態和語態

  【考點分析】

  1.對下列十種時態的考查:

  一般現在時 一般過去時 一般將來時 現在進行時 過去進行時  現在完成時 現在完成進行時 過去完成時 將來完成時 過去將來時

  2.既考查時態又考查語態;

  3.考查動詞的及物與不及物;

  4.考查主動形式表示被動意義;

  5.考查動詞詞組在被動語態中的介詞問題;

  6.對被動語態習慣句型的考查。

  【知識點歸納】

  I.動詞時態和語態的構成形式

  主動語態的構成

  一般現在時一般過去時

  do/does,( is/am/are )did,(was/were)

  現在進行時過去進行時

  is/am/are doingwas/were doing

  現在完成時過去完成時

  has/have donehad done

  現在完成進行時過去完成進行時

  has/have been doinghad been doing

  一般將來時過去將來時

  will/shall do

  is/am/are going to do

  is/am/are(about)to dowould/should do

  was/were going to do

  was/were(about)to do

  被動語態的構成

  一般現在時一般過去時

  is/am/are donewas/were done

  現在進行時過去進行時

  is/am/are being donewas/were being done

  現在完成時過去完成時

  has/have been donehad been done

  一般將來時過去將來時

  will/shall be done

  is/am/are going to be done

  is/am/are(about)to be donewould/should be done

  was/were going to be done

  was/were(about)to be done

  II.動詞時態的用法

  1.一般現在時

 、僖话悻F在時表示經常發生、習慣性動作、客觀真理、科學事實、格言,目前的特征、狀態、能力等;

 、谥骶涫且话銓頃r,時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現在時表示將來;

  I’ll go there after I finish my work.

  If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.

 、墼谝詇ere,there開頭的句子里,go,come等少數動詞的一般在時表示正在發生的動作;

  There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來了。Here she comes.她來了。

  注意:近幾年,對一般現在時的考查常用過去時態或現在完成時態對考生進行干擾

  Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which_____ the Pacific,and we met no storm.

  A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called

  雖然航海發生在過去,但是,海洋的名稱不會因此而變化,所以要用一般現在時。

  2.現在進行時

 、俦硎菊谶M行的動作;

 、诒硎景从媱澃才偶磳l生的動作。

  She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

  He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。

  My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個星期六我爸爸要來看我。

 、鄞嬉话悻F在時,描繪更加生動。

  The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。

  The sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。

  ④與always, forever, constantly, continually連用,表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩,但并非強調動作正在進行;

  He is always helping others.他總是肯幫助他人。

  She is always forgetting something.她老是忘記某些事情。

 、荽蠖鄶祫釉~可用于進行時,但也有些動詞不用于進行時。

  常見的有:

  ▲感覺類:look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear

  ▲情感類:like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear

  ▲心態類:wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, knowt

  ▲所有類:have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。

  3.現在完成時

  ①表示過去發生的動作對現在產生的影響或結果,或說話時已完成的動作;

  I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.

 、诒硎緩倪^去開始,待續到現在的動作或狀態,往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段時間狀語連用;

  He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.

 、郾硎“曾經到過某地(人已回來)”用“have/has been to”;

  表示“到某地去了(還未回來)”用“have/has gone to”。

  —Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room.

  —She knows a lot about Shanghai. -She has been there.

 、茉跁r間狀語從句,條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中表達將來某時已經完成的動作。

  When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.

  We’ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.

  注意:這里的現在完成時強調從句動作在主句動作之前完成, 如果兩個動作同時或幾乎同時發生, 則不必用完成時;試比較:

  I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her.

  She will call you when she gets home.

 、荻虝簞釉~(即瞬間動詞),join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,

  break out等,在完成時態中,其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。

  要譯“他參軍已經三年了”不能說:He has joined the army three years.可采用:

  ▲“ago法”:He joined the army three years ago.

  ▲“延續法”:He has been in the army for three years.

  ▲“since法”:It is/has been three years since he joined the army.

  注意:沒有包括“現在”在內或不是截至“現在”為止的時間狀語不能與現在完成時連用, 但“in(over) the

  past/last+時間段”要與現在完成時連用。

  4.現在完成進行時

 、儆脕肀硎緩倪^去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在(或今后還要繼續一去)的動作;

  He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.

 、诜彩遣荒苡糜诂F在進行時的動詞均不能用于現成完成進行時。

  5.一般過去時

 、俦磉_特定的過去時間內發生的動作或存在的狀況,或過去某一時間內經常發生或反復發生的動作或為;

  He often sang when he was a boy.

  He went to the cinema last night with her boy friend.

 、谟糜贗 didn’t know…或I forgot…,表示事先不知道或不記得,但現在已知道或記得的事情。

  用于I didn’t know…或I forgot…,表示事先不知道或不記得,但現在已知道或記得的事情。

  I didn’t know you were here.(現在已經知道)

  Sorry, I forgot to bring my book.(“忘記帶書”已成為過去的事了)

  這一用法考生要特別注意。

  注意:參看過去將來時的用法②。

  6.過去進行時

 、俦硎具^去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行的動作(這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示);

  He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.

 、诒硎緞幼髟诹硪贿^去動作發生時進行;

  They were still working when I left.

 、塾迷趦蓚過去進行時動作同時發生;

  I was writing while he was watching TV.

  ④過去計劃、安排好的將來動作(只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等);

  He said she was arriving the next day.

 、菖calways, forever, constantly, continually連用,表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩。

  (參看現在進行時的用法④)

  Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself.

  ⑥過去進行時可用來描繪故事發行的背景。

  The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.

  7.過去完成時

  ①表示在過去某一時間以前已經完成的動作。

  He had shut the door before the dog came up.

  Everything had been all right up till this morning.

 、诒硎緞幼骰驙顟B從過去某個時刻開始一直延續到另一個過去時刻才完成,甚至還要繼續下去。At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.

 、圻^去未曾實現的意圖、打算或希望(只限于think, want, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose,wish, want等動詞)。

  I had wanted to pay a visit to you yesterday, but the rain prevented me.

  我本來想昨天拜訪你的,但是下雨(讓我不能來)。

  注意:

  ▲過去完成時必須以過去某一時刻為基點,即“過去的過去”。因此只有在和過去某時或某動作相比較時才用到它;

  ▲before, after本身表示時間的“前”“后”明顯,因此可用一般過去時代替過去完成時。

  He (had) left before I arrived.

  8.一般將來時

  一般將來時有下列一些構成形式需要記。

  ▲will/shall do (側重將來行為,不突出計劃安排去做某事)

  ▲be going to do (主觀上打算或客觀上可能發生)

  ▲be doing (按計劃將要發生,常和表示最近的將來時間連用)

  ▲be about to do (按計劃即將發生)

  一般將來時的用法:

 、佻F在看來以后要發生的動作或存在的狀態

  Tom will come next week.

  He will be here tomorrow.

 、谑挛锏墓逃袑傩曰虮厝悔厔

  Oil will float in water.

  Fish will die without water.

 、蹖砟硞動作的安排、計劃

  He is going to speak on TV this evening.

  9.將來完成時

  用來表示在將來某個時刻(前)將完成的動作。常和by短語,when,before引起的時間狀語連用。

  We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.

  10.過去將來時

 、龠^去某一時刻后將要發生的過去動作或過去的意圖打算(主要用于賓語從句中);

  She was sure she would succeed.

  I thought you would come.

  把一般將來時中的助動詞變成過去式,便成了過去將來時的表達形式。

 、诒硎具^去經常發生的動作。

  When he was young, he would go swimming.

  注意:would與used to的區別:would只表示過去,不涉及現在,而used to表示“過去常常”要與現在比較,即現在不是這樣了。

  11.要求一定時態的固定的句型

 、賥as/were doing sth. when…did sth.(正在做某事,這時突然……)

  I was reading a book when the bell rang.

  ②was/were about to do sth. when…did sth. (正要做某事,這時突然……)

  We were about to leave when the telephone rang.

 、跧t(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that…

  It’s the first time I’ve seen her.

  We have been there three times.

  如果句中有比較確定的時間狀語,則服從時間狀語的要求。

  Last year I saw him many times.

  ④It is/has been… since…

  It is (has been) two weeks since I came here.

  She said it was five hours since she had finished her work.

 、軭ardly… when…No sooner… than…

  Hardly had we got in the crops when it began to rain.

  I had no sooner come into the room than the door was closed.

 、轎t(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that…

  This is the first time I have been here.

  It'll be the first time I've spoken in public.

  III.被動語態的用法

  被動語態表示句子的主語是動作的承受者,也就是動作的對象,一般說來只有及物動詞才有被動語態。其構成為"be+及物動詞的過去分詞"。助動詞be有人稱、數和時態的變化,其變化規則與be作為連系動詞時完全一樣。含有情態動詞的謂語變化為被動語態時,由"情態動詞(can, may must, have to等)+be +動詞的-ed形式。含有"be going to , be to, used to, be about to"等結構的復合謂語變為被動語態時,其構成為"be going to (be to, used to, be about to)+ be +動詞的-ed形式"構成。

  1.被動語態的適用范圍

  ①當我們不知道誰是動作的執行者,或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執行者時。這時不用by短語。

  This jacket is made of cotton. 這件上衣是棉料的。

  ②為了強調動作的承受者時

  Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 要求參觀者不可觸摸展品。

 、鄢鲇诓呗、委婉、禮貌等不提出動作的執行者

  You are said to be active recently. 據說你最近很活躍。

  常用于如下句型:

  It's not known that… ……不得而知 It's said that… 據說……

  It's reported that… 據報道…… It's not decided that…尚未決定

  It's believed that… 據認為…… It's announced that…據宣布……

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