2018考研英語語法:復合句
復合句(Complex Sentence)一個主句和一個以上的從句所構成的句子稱為復合句,也稱為主從復合句。復合句通常由關聯詞把主句和從句連接起來。
例句: Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open?access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. (選自2008年Text 2)
分析: 該句是復合句,其中主干結構是Other models exist;that引導的定語從句修飾models,而在從句中又套了一個由where引導的定語從句修飾open?access;在 where從句中,before引導的時間狀語從句中有一個who引導的定語從句修飾 everyone。
譯文: 其他存在的模式都是由以上三種模式相結合的產物。比如延緩式廣開門路的模式,前6個月只允許付費的訂閱者查閱相關論文,之后,才對大眾免費開放。
例句: However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is,as yet,an unanswered question. (選自2005年Text 1)
分析: 該句是復合句,本句中由or連接兩個并列主語從句,后接系表結構is an unanswered question;定語從句that the species had 35 million years ago修飾the common ancestor。
譯文: 但是這種公平意識是在卷尾猴和人類身上各自獨立演化而成的',還是來自于3500年前他們共同的祖先,這還是一個懸而未決的問題。復合句根據關聯詞在句中的作用可分為如下類型:(一)名詞性從句(Noun Clause)名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。(見第一章代詞“九、連接代詞”)(二)狀語從句(Adverbial Clause)狀語從句根據其意義可分為:1. 時間狀語從句時間狀語從句常用when,whenever(任何時候),as(當……時候、隨著),while(在……期間,與……同時),before,after,since(自……以來),as soon as,until/till(直到),once(一旦)等連詞引導。
例句: All those left undone may sound great in theory, but even the truest believer has great difficulty when it comes to specifics. (1999年第19題)
分析: 該句是并列復合句,其中left undone作后置定語修飾those。
譯文: 所有剩下來沒做的那些事,理論上聽起來很重要,但即使是對此深信不疑者,當談到具體事宜時也不免有很大困難。
例句: The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers had been demonstrating for.
分析: 該句是復合句,其中that his followers had been demonstrating for為一定語從句修飾 the demands。
譯文: 當約翰讀著同伴們的要求時,校董事會靜靜地聽著。
例句: Whenever we hear of a natural disaster, even in a distant part of the world, we feel sympathy for the people affected. (1995年第16題)
分析: 該句是復合句,其中過去分詞affected作定語修飾the people。
譯文: 無論何時當我們聽說一起自然災害時,即使它發生在世界某一遙遠的地區,我們都會同情受災的人。例句: More than 60, 000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first became available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene,which makes the over?the?counter kits. (選自2009年Text 2)分析: 該句是復合句,主句部分是More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs。since引導一個時間狀語從句,which makes t
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