考研英語難句突破9句
1. If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition餾 behalf.
【譯文】 如果抱負得到高度的重視，那么它的回報——財富、聲望、對個人命運的掌握——則必須被認為值得為之做出犧牲。
【析句】 此句包含一個if引導的條件狀語從句If ambition is to be well regarded，全句的主語是the rewards of ambition，謂語是must be deemed，而破折號中的詞語是插入語，作the rewards的同位語。made on ambition's behalf是 the sacrifices的定語。
【講詞】 distinction在句中意為“聲望”。
ambition有“野心，雄心”的意思，但是考慮到“野心”和“雄心”在漢語中的含意不盡相同，一個是負面的表述，一個是正面的表述，因此譯成“抱負”比較合適。
worthy of意為“對得起”或“不辜負”。He is a man worthy of our admiration.（他是一個值得我們稱贊的人。）Is he worthy of your love?（他值得你愛嗎？）
on behalf of意為“為了；代表”。This is a statement issued on behalf of the president.（這是以總統名義發表的聲明。）I’d like to offer my congratulations on behalf of my family.（我代表全家向你表示祝賀。）
2. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality,it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired,the educated not least among them.
【譯文】 如果抱負的傳統具有生命力，那么它就應該受到廣泛的推崇，尤其應該受到那些自身得到他人羨慕的人們的高度重視，尤其是其中接受過良好教育的人。
【析句】 本句由兩個分句構成。前一個分句包含由if引導的條件狀語，主句中的主語it指代the tradition of ambition。后一分句中who are themselves admired修飾 people，the educated not least among them是people的補語。注意people who are themselves admired指“自己也受人仰慕的人”。The educated among them是指為人仰慕的.人當中那些接受過良好教育的人。
【講詞】 not least與not least of all意思相同，意為“尤其是”。It pays to know the enemy,not least because at some time you may have the opportunity to turn him into a friend.（了解敵人有好處，尤其是在某個時候你也許有機會把你的敵人變成你的朋友。）Control is critical to any business success,not least of all in China.（控制對于生意的成功是至關重要的，尤其是在中國。）
3. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this,a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them.
【譯文】 這其中有著濃厚的虛偽成分，恰如馬跑后再關上馬廄的門那樣，而受過良好教育的人自己正騎在那些馬背上。
【析句】 a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped是前面主句的補語，with the educated themselves riding on them是補語中的伴隨狀語。后句的比喻，即馬跑了再關上馬廄的門與漢語的成語“亡羊補牢”沒有任何關系，它的意思更接近于“掩耳盜鈴”。作者在這里批評那些接受過良好教育的人，他們本人有野心或雄心，但卻反過來譴責抱負。
【講詞】 hypocrisy意為“虛偽；偽善”。The Open Door policy advocated by the United States is sheer hypocrisy.（美國所倡導的門戶開放政策是十足的虛偽表現。）hypocritical是形容詞，意為“虛偽的”，hypocrite指虛偽的人。
note意為“口氣，口吻；調子；成分”。There is a note of anxiety in her voice.(她的聲音里有一點焦急的意思。）
4. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes,European travel,BMWs—the locations,place names and name brands may change,but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.
【譯文】 當然，人們現在對成功及其標志的興趣似乎并未比從前減弱。避暑別墅、歐洲旅行、寶馬車——它們的位置、地名和商標可能會改變，但現在對這些東西的需求似乎并未比一二十年前減少。
【析句】 此處出現了兩個比較級，less interested in success and its signs now than formerly和less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。另外注意句中的雙重否定：一是do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly，一是do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。
【講詞】 summer homes指富人在夏天避暑的房子，因此應該譯成“避暑別墅”。 name brands指商標。
in demand意為“有需求”。The careers in demand that we have identified all require some level of education.（我們所公布的待聘職位都需要一定的教育程度。） Qualified teachers are in great demand in the rural areas.（農村地區需要大量合格的教師。）
5. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams,as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.
【譯文】 現在的情況是人們不能像以前那樣輕易而公開地坦陳自己的夢想，惟恐別人認為自己愛出風頭、貪婪、庸俗。
【析句】 what一詞指代的是that引導的從句（that people cannot confess fully to their dreams），as easily and openly as once they could作從句的狀語。此外 lest引導的是一個帶虛擬語氣的假設狀語從句。
【講詞】 pushing意為“有進取心的,有沖勁的,急切的”。
acquisitive意為“好學的；貪婪的”，例如：The boy was so acquisitive that he seemed interested in learning everything.（男孩很好學，不管學什么他似乎都有興趣。）In an acquisitive society the form that selfishness predominantly takes is monetary greed.（在一個貪婪的社會里,貪財是自私自利的突出表現形式。）
vulgar意為“粗俗的,庸俗的，下流的”。the technical and vulgar names of an animal species(動物種類的科學名稱和通俗名稱。）The newly rich like to dispaly their vulgar houses and cars.（新富喜歡炫耀其庸俗的房屋和汽車。）
6. Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles,which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three瞫tar restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools.
【譯文】 相反我們目睹了比以前任何時候都多的虛偽景觀：美國物欲主義批評家在南安普頓擁有一幢避暑別墅，激進圖書的出版商在三星級餐館就餐，倡導終生參與民主制的新聞記者把自己的子女送進私立學校。
【析句】 本句的主句是we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles。非限定性的定語從句（which now more than ever seem in ample supply）修飾spectacles。冒號后面的成分是三個并列的名詞性短語，其核心詞分別是critic，publisher和 journalist。
spectacles在文中意為“壯觀景象”，有一定的反諷意味。
【講詞】 be treated to“被款待，被招待”，例如：She treated herself to a day in the country.（她花了一天時間在鄉間游玩。）該詞組的意思是to be provided with或to be given,因而，在譯成漢語時應該考慮加上合適的動詞。
in supply和in demand詞義相反，意為“供應”，in ample supply意為“供應充足”。反之，表示“供應短缺”英語是in short supply。
7. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptio瞡al,the proper formulation is,“Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”
【譯文】 對于這樣的人，以及更多也許不太出色的人而言，恰當的行為準則是：“不惜一切代價獲得成功，但要避免讓人看出雄心勃勃。”
【析句】 For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional是句子的狀語，主語是the proper formulation，謂語是系動詞is，表語是引號里的內容。
【講詞】 formulation意為“配方；公式；簡潔的陳述”。在此句中，formulation譯成“行為準則”比較合適。
at all costs意為“不惜一切代價”，一個相關的詞組是at the cost of（以……為代價），其含義和用法與at the expense of相同。Economic development should not be achieved at the cost of our environment.（經濟的發展不能以犧牲我們的環境為代價。）
exceptional表示“例外的, 異常的”。All her children are clever, but the youngest daughter is really exceptio瞡al.（她的孩子們都很聰明，但最小的女兒尤為突出。）
8. The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive,where they are not extremely unattractive.
【譯文】 對抱負的攻擊非常之多，而且觀點不盡相同；公開為之辯解的則少之又少，而且并不為人注意，盡管他們并非一點吸引力也沒有。
【析句】 此句是用分號隔開的兩個并列句。where they are not extremely unattractive是定語從句，從整體上來修飾its public defenders。
【講詞】 angle意為“角度”，這里特指看問題的角度。Personally,though,I am more interested in looking at the issue from another angle.（盡管就我個人而言，我更有興趣從另外一個角度看待這個問題。）
perspective原意為“透視畫法，透視圖”，轉意為“遠景；前途；觀點；（認識問題的）角度”。It is useful occasionally to look at the past to gain a perspective on the pre-sent.（偶爾回顧過去有助于展望未來。）He tried to explore from the perspective of history the uniqueness of Asia’s development.（他試圖從歷史的角度來探討亞洲發展的獨特性。）
9. This does not mean that ambition is at an end,that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,but only that,no longer openly honored,it is less openly professed.
【譯文】 這并不意味著抱負已經窮途末路，人們不再感覺到它對人們的激勵了；而只是說明人們不再公開地以它為榮，更不愿公開地坦承了。
【析句】 這是一個簡單句，主干是this does not mean,后面接了3個并列的that從句作mean的賓語。在第三個賓語從句中，it指代ambition，no longer openly honored是插入語，作該從句的狀語。that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings意思是that people are no longer stirred and prompted by ambition。
【講詞】 stir的意思是“攪動；轟動”，在句中的意思是“為之所動”或“為之激動”。prompt有“提示；激勵”的意思，其在句中的意思與stir相同。profess意為“公開承認”，例如：He professed to despise everything that had happened since 1850.（他自稱厭惡自1850年以來發生的一切事情。）profess還可表示“宣誓入教”，即參與某個宗教團體。
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