2017四級閱讀理解訓練題及解析
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction. In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools, it’s closer to 90 percent. If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven’t heard of the University of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.
While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (課程大綱), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. Generally speaking, face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether.
The attraction for students might at first seem obvious. Primarily, there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say, in your pajamas (睡衣). But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course. While dropout rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent. Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup. In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good as the classroom course.
Clearly, from the schools’ perspective, there’s a lot of money to be saved. Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded (升級) systems. The more students who enroll in a course but don’t come to campus, the more the school saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and maintaining parking lots. And, while there’s evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons, they won’t be paid any more, and might well be paid less.
注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。
62. What is the most striking feature of the University of Phoenix?
A) It boasts the largest number of students on campus.
B) All its courses are offered online.
C) Its online courses are of the best quality.
D) Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree.
63. According to the passage, distance learning is basically characterized by ________.
A) a minimum or total absence of face-to-face instruction
B) a considerable flexibility in its academic requirements
C) the great diversity of students’ academic backgrounds
D) the casual relationship between students and professors
64. Many students take Internet-based courses mainly because they can ________.
A) save a great deal on traveling and boarding expenses
B) select courses from various colleges and universities
C) work on the required courses whenever and wherever
D) earn their academic degrees with much less effort
65. What accounts for the high drop-out rates for online students?
A) There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort.
B) There is no strict control over the academic standards of the courses.
C) The evaluation system used by online universities is inherently weak.
D) Lack of classroom interaction reduces the effectiveness of instruction.
66. According to the passage, universities show great enthusiasm for DL programs for the purpose of ________.
A) building up their reputation
B) upgrading their teaching facilities
C) providing convenience for students
D) cutting down on their expenses
解析
這是一篇講述網絡遠程教育的文章,全文較為客觀地闡述了網絡遠程教育的現狀,說明性較強。文章各個段落均較長,因此一共只有4個大段,每一段針對網絡遠程教育的不同方面進行說明。
第一段提出了網絡遠程教育漸趨流行的事實,并以菲尼克斯大學為例具體進行了說明。第二段簡單介紹了網絡遠程教育的施行方式。第三、四段分別從學生和學校兩個方面分析了網絡遠程教育流行的原因。
文章長難句較多,往往以典型的英語式思維表達許多抽象意義,理解起來較為困難,尤其在第四段中出現的長句,結構復雜,需要慢慢理解消化。
62. B
題目問菲尼克斯大學最為顯著的特點是什么。文章第一段以菲尼克斯大學為例說明了網絡遠程教育的流行趨勢,相關內容只有It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country這兩句話,大意是菲尼克斯大學完全以在線教育為基礎授予學位,其登記注冊了90000學生,號稱全國第一大私立大學。
A,它吹噓擁有最多的在校學生人數。菲尼克斯大學確實自稱學生人數在私立大學中排名第一,但Enroll 90000是指注冊的人數,而非在校內學習(on campus)的人數。因此A的說法不對。
B,所有課程都是在線提供。文中使用了entirely來明確說明該大學所有課程都是在線提供,因此B的說法符合文意。
C,其在線課程質量最高。文中沒有提到課程質量如何。
D,任何參加其在線課程的學生都可保證獲得學位。文中提到了學位問題,稱其學位授予依托網絡教育,應該說是一種授予途徑,并沒有對是否必然獲得學位做出保證。
63. A
題目問根據文意,遠程教育的基本特點是什么。因為第一題所問的菲尼克斯大學的問題已經是第一段末尾的內容,而且全文只有4大段,5道題中的第二道題不可能越過第二段去考查第三段的內容,所以這道題的答案必然要到第二段去找。
第二段大意如下:盡管課程本身各不相同,但遠程教育還是有通常的'特點,老師在網站上發布大綱、作業等,學生通過電子郵件上交作業;師生面對面的交流已經減到最少或是完全消失。四個選項的意思是:
A,面對面授課的最小化或完全缺失。第二段中的Generally speaking(通常來說)是總結性的詞匯,以此引出后面對在線教育的特點的描述,該描述與A恰好一致。
B,學習要求相當具有靈活性。文中提到作業是由電子郵件來發送,但這是否意味著靈活性強不得而知。也許用電子郵件發送作業反而會在時間上要求得更為具體,這樣反而是要求更為嚴格了。
C,學生的學習背景非常廣泛。第二段開頭就指出在線教育所授課程各不相同,這也就是學生學習背景廣泛的意思。但這句話是由while引導的,while在這里是“雖然”的意思,而我們知道轉折句式的后半句(“但是……”)才是陳述的重點,所以C并不是作者所要指出的一般特點。
D,學生與教授之間的關系較為隨便。文中說師生面對面交流的機會減少或消失,但這與關系隨便與否無關。
64. C
題目問許多學生選擇以互聯網為基礎的課程主要是因為他們能夠……
第三段從學生的角度分析了在線遠程教育流行的原因,指出最首要的原因是上課方便。而后也說明由于這個特點,反而使學習質量下降。
A,節省一大筆路費和住宿費。也許這是遠程教育的好處之一,但文中沒有提到這一點。文中使用primarily(最根本地)一詞,強調了首要原因是the convenience(方便)。
B,從許多不同學院和大學里選擇課程。第三段乃至全文都找不到類似的內容。
C,隨時隨地參與課程。文中講到學生選擇遠程教育主要是因為方便,并舉例說明這種方便是可以穿著睡衣上課(do the work, as they say, in your pajamas)。這也就是可以隨時隨地學習上課的意思。
D,少費很大的力氣就可以獲得學位。文中指出遠程教育確實可以節省力氣(the reduced effort),但其結果是退學率達到35%,高于在校學習的20%,與D的說法正好相反。
65. A
題目問在線學習的學生之所以出現高退學率的原因。四個選項的意思分別是:
A,無法保證他們付出所需的努力。
B,對課程標準沒有嚴格的控制。
C,在線大學的評估系統天生不強。
D,課堂互動的缺乏降低了教育的效果。
文章第三段中間部分提到遠程教育的學生退學率達到了35%(While dropout rate for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent),這種現象出現的原因在前一句就已經給出了:But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course,數字顯示少費力氣也就少用功于上課?芍藢W率高是因為學生上課不夠用功,不夠用功的原因是遠程教育本身的特點:方便(convenience),節省力氣(reduced effort)。由此可見,A的說法最為符合文意。B和D的說法在文中都沒有提到。文中Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup一句雖提到了遠程教育的天生弱點,但這個弱點是指reduced effort,而不是評估系統(evaluation system在文中根本沒有提及)。
66. D
題目問根據文意,大學對遠程教育計劃十分熱心是為了什么。
第四段從學校的角度分析了遠程教育流行的原因。開頭指出there’s a lot of money to be saved,即可以節約大筆費用。接下來具體分析了可以在哪些方面節約費用。首先是大多數遠程教育課程可以在現有系統上直接或稍作升級后運行,不需要為服務器和網絡投入新的資金。其次是學?梢栽诮淌艺彰、安保和租用停車場上節省大筆資金。除此之外,文中再無其他論述。由此可見,在文章看來,大學對遠程教育如此熱心的原因是費用相對低廉。四個選項分別是:
A,享得盛譽。
B,升級教育設施。
C,為學生提供方便。
D,減少開銷。
只有D符合文意。
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