2015年大學英語四級翻譯核心語法鞏固
虛擬語氣:與事實相反的
一、主語從句:
1、it is +adj\\n that + 虛擬
2、it is +done(表示建議、要求)that + 虛擬
二、賓語從句:
1、I suggest(表示命令;建議;請求) that shoule +do (在虛擬語氣中,shoule have done = ought to have done,其他時候should 不等于ought to) 2、I wish that (用虛擬語氣)
三、目的狀語:
Lest或者for fear that + (虛擬語氣)should do
四、 if從句: 即 主句, if 從句
1、倒裝代替if從句:Had\\Were\\Should ,主句
2、but for = without(如果不是)代替if從句, 兩個都是介詞 But for \\without + 名詞 ,主句
3、with + 名詞 ,主句
4、if only + (if 從句) 要是該多好
五、隱藏虛擬語氣:本打算做但結果沒有做的
1、had hoped\\intended\\planned\\expected\\wanted\\meant to do
2、hoped to have done
3、be(was\\were) + to have done 4、would\\should like to have done Would have done 表意愿、將來
Should have done 竟然做了、本應該做的 Could have done 有能力做 Might have done 表示猜測
Need have done 本來需要做的卻沒有做
主從句時間不一致情況下的虛擬語氣
有時條件從句中的動作和結果與主句中的動作,發生的時間不一致,這時動作的形式應根據它所表示的'時間加以調整。如:
1. 從句表示將來,主句表示過去:
⑴、If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.
2. 從句表示過去,主句表示將來:
⑴、If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
⑵、If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。
3.從句表示將來,主句表示現在:
⑴、If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.
4.從句表示過去,主句表示現在。
⑴、If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
⑵、If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.
5.從句表示過去,主句表示過去和現在
⑴、If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.
在不少情況下,虛擬式已變成習慣說法,很難找出其暗含的條件。
(1) 、You wouldn’t know. 你不會知道。
(2) 、 would like to come. 我愿意來。
(3) 、I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 這是我做夢也不會想到的。
(4) 、He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他將那事講的非常仔細,簡直就象他親眼看見一樣。
6.從句表示現在,主句表示過去
⑴、If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你,我就去參加她的生日晚會了。(從句說明現在,主句說明過去。)
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